Regeneration of plants from somatic embryos of Verticillium dahliae-resistant wild olive genotypes

Regeneration capacity, via somatic embryogenesis, of several wild olive genotypes differing in their response to Verticillium wilt (resistant genotypes Stop Vert, Out Vert, Ac4 and Ac 18 and the susceptible Ac 15) has been evaluated. To induce somatic embryogenesis, methodologies previously used in cultivated (high ratio cytokinin/auxin) or wild olive (low ratio cytokinin/auxin) were used. Obtained results revealed the importance of genotype, explant type, mineral formulation and hormonal balance in the induction process, ca. use of apical buds obtained from micropropagated shoots following the methodology of Mazri et al. (2013) in cultivated olive (4 days in liquid medium MS ½, 30 µM TDZ – 0.54 µM ANA, 8 weeks in basal medium MS ½, followed by subculturing in ECO basal medium supplemented with 0.5 µM 2iP, 0.44 µM BA and 0.25 µM IBA) was adequate to obtain somatic embryos in 2 genotypes, Stop Vert and Ac18, but no embryogenic response was observed in the other three. An analysis of genetic stability on Stop Vert, using SSR and RAPDs markers, was carried out in embryogenic callus, plants regenerated form this callus and micropropagated shoots in comparison with the mother plant. Polymorphism was only observed in the banding pattern generated by RAPDs in one of the 10 callus samples evaluated, resulting in a variation rate of 0.07%. This is the first time in which plants have been regenerated via somatic embryogenesis in wild olive.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Research project: Junta de Andalucía P11-AGR799

Análisis de la generación distribuida para mejorar los niveles de tensión en el alimentador A4211 en el sistema eléctrico Huancayo

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la generación distribuida para mejorar los niveles de tensión en el alimentador A4211 en el sistema eléctrico Huancayo. El sistema eléctrico Parque Industrial evidenció que en los extremos del circuito alimentador en media tensión A4211, son niveles de tensión por debajo que exige la normatividad peruana, dentro de ese contexto se planteó analizar la implementación de GD en el sistema. La tesis se justifica en lo práctico porque el análisis de la GD permitiría solucionar el problema de la investigación y se tendrá una mejor calidad de energía eléctrica en la zona de estudio. También se justifica en lo metodológico porque la tesis se realizó mediante un procedimiento de análisis de la implementación de generación distribuida para solucionar el problema de la investigación. Además, presenta una justificación social, al proponer la implementación de GD en el sistema eléctrico y beneficiar en la calidad de producto eléctrico. La investigación logra una mejora en los niveles de tensión en las 350 terminales en el circuito alimentador A4211 del sistema eléctrico Huancayo. El tipo de generación distribuida seleccionada es el tipo fotovoltaico teniendo como recurso energético solar en la zona de los valores de 5,5 a 6,5 kWh/m2. La ubicación de los generadores fotovoltaicos se realizó de acuerdo con la necesidad de carga en la zona donde se simuló su implementación

A nervousness regulator framework for dynamic hybrid control architectures

Dynamic hybrid control architectures are a powerful paradigm that addresses the challenges of achieving both performance optimality and operations reactivity in discrete systems. This approach presents a dynamic mechanism that changes the control solution subject to continuous environment changes. However, these changes might cause nervousness behaviour and the system might fail to reach a stabilized-state. This paper proposes a framework of a nervousness regulator that handles the nervousness behaviour based on the defined nervousness-state. An example of this regulator mechanism is applied to an emulation of a flexible manufacturing system located at the University of Valenciennes. The results show the need for a nervousness mechanism in dynamic hybrid control architectures and explore the idea of setting the regulator mechanism according to the nervousness behaviour state.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

An approach for characterizing the operating modes in dynamic hybrid control architectures

Nowadays, manufacturing control system faces the challenge of featuring optimal and reactive mechanisms to respond to volatile environments. In automation domain, hybrid control architectures solve these requirements as it allows coupling predictive/proactive and reactive techniques in manufacturing operations. However, to include dynamic coupling features, it is necessary to characterize the possible new operating modes and visualize its potential when a switching is needed. This paper presents an approach to characterize the operating modes of dynamic hybrid control architectures to support the dynamic switching process. The results, obtained through a simulation in a multi agent platform of flexible manufacturing systems, showed the interest of our approach in terms of including the characterization of operating modes as decisional criteria towards a system switching.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A switching mechanism framework for optimal coupling of predictive scheduling and reactive control in manufacturing hybrid control architectures

Nowadays, manufacturing systems are seeking control architectures that offer efficient production performance and reactivity to disruptive events. Dynamic hybrid control architectures are a promising approach as they are not only able to switch dynamically between hierarchical, heterarchical and semi-heterarchical structures, they can also switch the level of coupling between predictive scheduling and reactive control techniques. However, few approaches address an efficient switching process in terms of structure and coupling. This paper presents a switching mechanism framework in dynamic hybrid control architectures, which exploits the advantages of hierarchical manufacturing scheduling systems and heterarchical manufacturing execution systems, and also mitigates the respective reactivity and optimality drawbacks. The main feature in this framework is that it monitors the system dynamics online and shifts between different operating modes to attain the most suitable production control strategy. The experiments were carried out in an emulation of a real manufacturing system to illustrate the benefits of including a switching mechanism in simulated scenarios. The results show that the switching mechanism improves response to disruptions in a global performance indicator as it permits to select the best alternative from several operating modes.This article was supported by COLCIENCIAS Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación 10.13039/100007637 [Grant Number Convocatoria 568 Doctorados en el exterior]; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana [Grant Number Programa de Formacion de posgrados].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Heterologous expression of AtNPR1 gene in olive for increasing fungal tolerance

The NPR1 gene encodes a key component of SAR signaling mediated by salicylic acid (SA). After a pathogen infection, the accumulation of SA releases NPR1 monomers in the cytosol that are translocated to the nucleus, activating the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Overexpression of NPR1 has conferred resistance to fungal, viral and bacterial pathogens in several plant species. The aim of this research was to generate transgenic olive plants expressing the gene AtNPR1 from Arabidopsis thaliana to obtain material resistant to fungal pathogens. Three transgenic lines expressing AtNPR1 gene under the control of the constitutive promoter CaMV35S were obtained following the protocol of Torreblanca et al. (2010), using an embryogenic line derived from a seed of cv. Picual. Level of AtNPR1 expression in transgenic calli varied greatly among the different lines, being higher in the line NPR1-780. The elicitation of embryogenic calli in liquid medium with AS did not increase endochitinase activity, a PR protein. However, jasmonic acid induced a transient increase in chitinase activity after 24 h of treatment in all the lines, being the increment higher in transgenic NPR1 than in control. After maturation and germination of transgenic somatic embryos, plants were micropropagated and acclimated to ex vitro conditions. The expression of AtNPR1 did not alter the growth of transgenic plants neither in vitro nor in the greenhouse. Experiments are in progress to determine the resistance of transgenic AtNPR1 plants to V. dalihae and R. necatrix.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Research projects: Plan Nacional AGL2014-52518-C2-1-R; AGL2017-83368-C2-1-R and Junta de Andalucía P11-AGR799

Preparation and characterization of α-Fe nanowires located inside double wall carbon nanotubes

Capillary effect was used to fill double wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) with iron. The samples are characterized by Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopies, TEM, SAED, and magnetization. The experimental results indicate the presence of a-Fe nanowires inside the DWCNTs. The samples are ferromagnetic at room temperature. There are three striking results due to the confinement effects on the physical behavior of a-Fe: the hyperfine fields increase, the Debye temperature decreases and Raman modes are observed

Pollux: a dynamic hybrid control architecture for flexible job shop systems

Nowadays, manufacturing control systems can respond more effectively to exigent market requirements and real-time demands. Indeed, they take advantage of changing their structural and behavioural arrangements to tailor the control solution from a diverse set of feasible configurations. However, the challenge of this approach is to determine efficient mechanisms that dynamically optimise the configuration between different architectures. This paper presents a dynamic hybrid control architecture that integrates a switching mechanism to control changes at both structural and behavioural level. The switching mechanism is based on a genetic algorithm and strives to find the most suitable operating mode of the architecture with regard to optimality and reactivity. The proposed approach was tested in a real flexible job shop to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of including an optimisation algorithm in the switching process of a dynamic hybrid control architecture.This work was supported by the Colombian scholarship programme of department of science – COLCIENCIAS under grant ‘Convocatoria 568 – Doctorados en el exterior’ and the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana under grant ‘Programa de Formacion de posgrados del Profesor Javeriano’.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Governance mechanism in control architectures for Flexible Manufacturing Systems

Manufacturing systems, and specifically Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS), face the challenge of accomplish global optimal performance and reactiveness at dynamic manufacturing environments. For this reason, manufacturing control systems must incorporate mechanisms that support dynamic custom-build responses. This paper introduces a framework that includes a governance mechanism in control system architectures that dynamically steers the autonomy of decision-making between predictive and reactive approaches. Results from experiments led in simulation show that it is worth studying in depth a governance mechanism that tailors the structure and/or behaviour of a manufacturing control system and, at the same time, potentiate the reactivity required in manufacturing operations.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Exploring the Concept of the Digital Educator During COVID-19

T In many machine learning classification problems, datasets are usually of high dimensionality and therefore require efficient and effective methods for identifying the relative importance of their attributes, eliminating the redundant and irrelevant ones. Due to the huge size of the search space of the possible solutions, the attribute subset evaluation feature selection methods are not very suitable, so in these scenarios feature ranking methods are used. Most of the feature ranking methods described in the literature are univariate methods, which do not detect interactions between factors. In this paper, we propose two new multivariate feature ranking methods based on pairwise correlation and pairwise consistency, which have been applied for cancer gene expression and genotype-tissue expression classification tasks using public datasets. We statistically proved that the proposed methods outperform the state-of-the-art feature ranking methods Clustering Variation, Chi Squared, Correlation, Information Gain, ReliefF and Significance, as well as other feature selection methods for attribute subset evaluation based on correlation and consistency with the multi-objective evolutionary search strategy, and with the embedded feature selection methods C4.5 and LASSO. The proposed methods have been implemented on the WEKA platform for public use, making all the results reported in this paper repeatable and replicabl